{"id":1894,"date":"2016-02-01T16:37:02","date_gmt":"2016-02-01T16:37:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/?page_id=1894"},"modified":"2018-12-04T10:20:10","modified_gmt":"2018-12-04T10:20:10","slug":"introduction-original","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/preface\/introduction-original\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7b80\u4ecb\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u5e8f\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/DeForest-Single-Wing-Audion-c.1912-Tantalum-Filaments.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1899\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1899 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/DeForest-Single-Wing-Audion-c.1912-Tantalum-Filaments-300x215.jpg\" alt=\"DeForest-Single-Wing-Audion-c.1912-Tantalum-Filaments\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/DeForest-Single-Wing-Audion-c.1912-Tantalum-Filaments-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/DeForest-Single-Wing-Audion-c.1912-Tantalum-Filaments-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/DeForest-Single-Wing-Audion-c.1912-Tantalum-Filaments.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u97f3\u4e50120\u5e74\u300b<\/em><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1894_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1894_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1894_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1894_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1894_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1894_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1894_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1894_1_1');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1894_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1894_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><em>\uff08120 Years of Electronic Music\uff09<\/em>\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u8bb0\u8ff0\u3001\u5206\u6790\u7535\u5b50\u4e50\u5668\u81ea1880\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u4ee5\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u672c\u4f5c\u54c1\u5c06\u201c\u7535\u5b50\u4e50\u5668\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u7eaf\u7535\u5b50\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u4e50\u5668\uff1b\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u5b50\u673a\u68b0\u88c5\u7f6e\uff08electro-mechanically\uff09\u6216\u662f\u7535\u58f0\uff08electro-acoustically\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u4e50\u5668\u3002<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1894_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1894_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1894_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1894_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1894_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1894_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u97f3\u8f6e\u5236\u97f3\u5668\uff08Tone Wheel Generator\uff09\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u8c61\u97f3\u4e50\uff08Musique Concr\u00e8te\uff09\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u78c1\u5e26\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u754c\u9650\u4e5f\u663e\u5f97\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1894_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1894_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u672c\u4f5c\u54c1\u7740\u91cd\u5173\u6ce81970\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u7535\u5b50\u4e50\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u89c2\u5ff5\uff08\u56e0\u800c\u672c\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u5e76\u672a\u6253\u7b97\u5217\u51fa\u96e8\u540e\u6625\u7b0b\u822c\u7684\u5408\u6210\u5668\u5546\u54c1\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u540d\u5f55\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u7535\u5b50\u97f3\u4e50\u53f2\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u4f9b\u6559\u80b2\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5408\u6210\u5668\u201c\u6781\u5ba2\u201d\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5174\u8da3\u5355\uff09\u3002\u5c31\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5174\u8da3\u662f\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u63a2\u7d22\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5206\u6790\u5404\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u97f3\u4e50\u201c\u5de5\u7a0b\u201d\u6210\u529f\u548c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6f14\u594f\u8005\u4e0e\u4f5c\u66f2\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e50\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8c03\u6027\u4e0e\u7eaf\u5f8b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u8d39\u5362\u897f\u5965\u00b7\u5e03\u7d22\u5c3c\uff08Ferruccio Busoni\uff09\u5728\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u8bba\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u97f3\u4e50\u7f8e\u5b66\u300b\uff08Sketch of a New Aesthetic of Music\uff0c1907\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u66fe\u542f\u53d1\u4e00\u4ee3\u4f5c\u66f2\u4eba\u63a2\u7d22\u5fae\u5206\u97f3\u3001\u591a\u79cd\u53d8\u97f3\u5f8b\u5236\uff08varied intonation\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u66f2\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1b\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179\uff08Hermann von Helmholtz\uff09\u5728\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8bba\u97f3\u611f\u300b\uff08On the Sensations of Tone\uff0c1863\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u521b\u9020\u201c\u58f0\u97f3\u8c03\u8272\u76d8\u201d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u8c03\u8272\u76d8\u53ef\u521b\u9020\u65e0\u6570\u97f3\u8272\uff0c\u51cc\u9a7e\u4f20\u7edf\u914d\u5668\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u76f4\u63a5\u6fc0\u52b1\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4e50\u5668\uff1a\u6492\u8fea\u5384\u65af\u2022\u5361\u5e0c\u5c14\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/the-telharmonium-thaddeus-cahill-usa-1897\/\">\u7535\u4f20\u7c27\u98ce\u7434<\/a>\uff081897\uff09\u3001\u7ea6\u683c\u5c14\u00b7\u9a6c\u6770\u5c14\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/the-electrophon-spharaphon-partiturophon-and-the-kaleidophon1921-1930\/\">\u5b87\u5b99\u7535\u58f0\u7434<\/a>\uff081920\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09\u7b49\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6f14\u594f\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u4f5c\u66f2\u4eba\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u4eba\u4ece\u94a2\u7434\u952e\u76d8\u90a3\u56fa\u5b9a\u97f3\u9ad8\u7684\u201c\u72ec\u88c1\u201d\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff08\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u4e50\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u65b0\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff1a\u5546\u4e1a\u538b\u529b\u9a71\u4f7f\u4e50\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u4eec\u53bb\u6a21\u4eff\u6d41\u884c\u6b4c\u66f2\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u97f3\u9ad8\u4e50\u5668\uff1b\u4f46\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u89e3\u653e\u56fa\u5b9a\u97f3\u9ad8\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4ecd\u65e7\u5ef6\u7eed\u523060\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u7535\u5b50\u97f3\u4e50\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u7684\u201c\u4e25\u8083\u201d\u8bd5\u9a8c\u97f3\u4e50\u4e2d\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/1951%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%9apierre-schaeffer-pierre-henry-jacques-poullin%e7%9a%84groupe-de-recherches-musicales%ef%bc%88%e6%b3%95%e5%9b%bd%ef%bc%89\/\">GRM<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/1955%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%9amarino-zuccheri-alfredo-lietti-%e7%9a%84-milan-electronic-music-studio-or-rai-studio-of-phonology%ef%bc%88%e6%84%8f%e5%a4%a7%e5%88%a9\/\">\u7c73\u5170<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/1951%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%9awerner-meyer-eppler-robert-beyer-herbert-eimert%e7%9a%84wdr-electronic-music-studio%ef%bc%88%e5%be%b7%e5%9b%bd%ef%bc%89\/\">WDR<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/1952%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%9aharry-olsen-herbert-belar%e7%9a%84rca-synthesiser-i-ii%ef%bc%88%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%ef%bc%89\/\">\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a-\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u7535\u5b50\u97f3\u4e50\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/a>\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8fd8\u5f71\u54cd\u5230<a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/1964%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%9arobert-moog%e7%9a%84moog-synthesisers%ef%bc%88%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%ef%bc%89\/\">\u6155\u683c<\/a>\uff08\u5728\u6700\u521d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\uff09\u3001\u5df4\u514b\u62c9\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/buchla-synthesisersdonald-buchlausa1963\/\">\u6a21\u5757\u5408\u6210\u5668<\/a>\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5fae\u5206\u97f3\u3001\u65e0\u952e\u76d8\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u5ff5\u53c8\u4ee5\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5408\u6210\u5668\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u97f3\u9891\u8bed\u8a00\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u65b0\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u5de5\u5177\uff1a\u65e0\u6f14\u594f\u8005\u521b\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u4e50\u5668\u540c\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u4e50\u5668\u89e3\u51b3\u6f14\u594f\u8005\u548c\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u4eba\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u628a\u201c\u6f14\u594f\u8005\u201d\u4ece\u97f3\u4e50\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u8ba9\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u53bb\u521b\u9020\u201c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u201d\u97f3\u4e50\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u652f\u601d\u60f3\u6d41\u6d3e\u6700\u521d\u53ef\u89c1\u4e8e<a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/1930%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%9aarseney-avraamov%e7%9a%84graphical-soundtrack%ef%bc%88%e4%bf%84%e7%bd%97%e6%96%af%ef%bc%89\/\">\u963f\u592b\u62c9\u83ab\u592b<\/a>\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1b\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u5148\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u54c8\u7eb3\u7279\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/1945%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%9ajohn-m-hanert%e7%9a%84hanert-electric-orchestra%ef%bc%88%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%ef%bc%89\/\">\u7535\u5b50\u7ba1\u5f26\u4e50\u56e2<\/a>\u201d\uff08\u54c8\u7eb3\u7279\u5408\u6210\u5668\uff0c1945\uff09\u3001\u73c0\u897f\u00b7\u683c\u5170\u6770\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/1948%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%9apercy-grainger-burnett-cross%e7%9a%84free-music-machine%ef%bc%88%e7%be%8e%ef%bc%8c%e6%be%b3%ef%bc%89\/\">\u81ea\u7531\u97f3\u4e50\u673a<\/a>\u201d\uff081948\uff09\u3001\u7a46\u5c14\u6d4e\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/1958%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%9ayevgeny-murzin-russia%e7%9a%84ans-synthesiser%ef%bc%88%e4%bf%84%e7%bd%97%e6%96%af%ef%bc%89\/\">ANS\u5408\u6210\u5668<\/a>\u201d\u7b49\u53d1\u660e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u6781\u7aef\u3001\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d41\u6d3e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5927\u591a\u6570\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b57\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4f5c\u66f2\u884c\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u63a2\u7a76\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u88c2\u53d8\uff1a\u5148\u950b\u97f3\u4e50\u4eba\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1917\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u5f0f\u7684\u5148\u950b\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d7\u672a\u6765\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u8868\u6f14\u9769\u547d\u3002\u5168\u65b0\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u65e0\u8c03\u6027\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u620f\u5267\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u65b0\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u4e50\u5668\u4e00\u8d77\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/1930%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%9aarseney-avraamov%e7%9a%84graphical-soundtrack%ef%bc%88%e4%bf%84%e7%bd%97%e6%96%af%ef%bc%89\/\">\u963f\u592b\u62c9\u83ab\u592b<\/a>\u66fe\u6307\u6325\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u300a\u53e4\u5fb7\u79d1\u592b\u4ea4\u54cd\u66f2\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6218\u8230\u3001\u5de5\u5382\u6c7d\u7b1b\u548c\u5927\u70ae\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff1b\u4ed6\u63d0\u8bae\u6bc1\u6389\u6240\u6709\u7684\u94a2\u7434\uff0c\u5c06\u97f3\u4e50\u4ece\u56fa\u5b9a\u8c03\u6027\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u8bae\u5c06\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u5316\u4ee3\u66ff\u8001\u7684\u6587\u5316\u79e9\u5e8f\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u98ce\u6f6e\u662f\u56e0\u65b0\u578b\u7535\u5b50\u4e50\u5668\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u58f0\u97f3\u3001\u89c6\u89c9\u611f\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u4e4b\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff08\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5728\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8\u00b7\u65af\u7c73\u5c14\u8bfa\u592b\u7684\u529b\u4f5c\u300a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.co.uk\/Andrei-Smirnov-Sound-Experiments-Electronic\/dp\/3865607063\">Sounds In Z<\/a>\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u8ff0\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u504f\u5411\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u8fd9\u573a\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u529b\u538b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u66f4\u6613\u94b3\u5236\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5ba3\u4f20\u632f\u594b\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u3001\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u201d\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5148\u950b\u4eba\u7269\u906d\u5230\u8c0b\u6740\u3001\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u51b7\u843d\u4f59\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65e9\u671f\uff081933\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff09\u7684\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u66fe\u529b\u62e5\u672a\u6765\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9a6c\u91cc\u5185\u84821934\u5e74\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u672a\u6765\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c55\u89c8\u4fbf\u662f\u7531\u6208\u57f9\u5c14\u3001\u7eb3\u7cb9\u201c\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u81ea\u6b22\u4e50\u201d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u67cf\u6797\u5305\u8c6a\u65af[\u8fc1\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\u524d]\u8d5e\u52a9\u7684\uff09\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e9\u671f\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u539f\u529b\u201d\uff1a\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5fb7\u56fd\u5927\u4f17\uff08Volkswagen\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u201d\uff09\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u3001\u7535\u5f71\u3001\u5927\u4f17\u5a31\u4e50\uff08\u53d7\u201c\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u81ea\u6b22\u4e50\u201d\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u5b50\u97f3\u4e50\u7b49\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/the-electrochordoskar-vierlinggermany1933\/\">\u201c\u672a\u6765\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\u56e2\u201d<\/a>\u5373\u7531\u7eb3\u7cb9\u8d5e\u52a9\uff0c\u57281933\u5e74\u67cf\u6797IFA\u56fd\u9645\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u5c55\u89c8\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6f14\u51fa\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u6f14\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5148\u950b\u8fd0\u52a8\u6700\u7ec8\u540c\u6837\u88ab20\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u201c\u5927\u4f17\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u201d\u6240\u6e6e\u6ca1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u97f3\u4e50120\u5e74\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7ebf\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\uff0c1996\u5e74\u7531\u4f5c\u8005\u897f\u8499\u00b7\u514b\u96f7\u4f2f\uff08Simon Crab\uff09\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u81ea\u7b79\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f00\u653e\/\u5f00\u6e90\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e2d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u65f6\u4ee5\u8d85\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u6587\u672c\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6ce8\u660e\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u611f\u6fc0\u4e0d\u5c3d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u897f\u8499\u00b7\u514b\u96f7\u4f2f\uff0c2015\u5e74\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u725b\u6d25<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" 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