{"id":65,"date":"2014-02-07T13:44:28","date_gmt":"2014-02-07T13:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/?p=65"},"modified":"2016-05-01T08:35:13","modified_gmt":"2016-05-01T08:35:13","slug":"the-celluphonepierre-toulon-krugg-bassfrance1927","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/the-celluphonepierre-toulon-krugg-bassfrance1927\/","title":{"rendered":"1927\u5e74\uff1aCellule Photo Electrique [\u6cd5\u56fd]Pierre Toulon &#038; Krugg Bass"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_635\" style=\"width: 475px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Cullulophone_1927.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-635\" class=\"size-large wp-image-635\" src=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Cullulophone_1927-1024x798.jpg\" alt=\"\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u571f\u4f26\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6c60\u7434\u4e13\u5229\" width=\"465\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Cullulophone_1927-1024x798.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Cullulophone_1927-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Cullulophone_1927.jpg 1255w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-635\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u56fe\u4f26\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6c60\u7434\u4e13\u5229<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>1927\u5e74\uff1a\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u56fe\u4f26\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6c60\u7434<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5149\u7535\u6c60\u7434\uff08Cellule Photo-\u00e9lectrique\uff0c\u82f1\u8bd1Cellulophone\uff09 \u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u56fe\u4f26\uff08Pierre Toulon\uff09\u5728\u7535\u6c14\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u514b\u9c81\u683c\u00b7\u67cf\u65af\uff08Krugg Bass\uff09\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4e50\u5668\u3002\u5176\u539f\u578b\u673a\u4e8e1927\u5e74\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5236\u6210\u3002\u5149\u7535\u6c60\u7434\u901a\u8fc7\u5149-\u7535\uff08Electro-optical\uff09\u539f\u7406\u4ea7\u751f\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e24\u4e2a\u516b\u5ea6\u7684\u952e\u76d8\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u8e0f\u677f\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5149\u7535\u7434\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5149\u675f\u7a7f\u8fc7\u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u76d8\u7247\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u76d8\u7247\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u901f\u5ea6\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u523b\u6709\u72ed\u7f1d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u76d8\u7247\u4e0a\u90fd\u523b\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u3001\u7b49\u8ddd\u7684\u72ed\u7f1d\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4f4e\u97f3\u7684\u76d8\u7247\u4e0a\u523b\u670954\u4e2a\u72ed\u7f1d\uff09\uff0c\u72ed\u7f1d\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c3d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u6837\u7684\u97f3\u8272\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u76d8\u7247\u4e0a\u6709\u72ed\u7f1d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7a7f\u8fc7\u76d8\u7247\u7684\u5149\u675f\u4f1a\u95ea\u70c1\u7740\u5934\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u5149\u7535\u6c60\u4e0a\uff0c\u8f6c\u76d8\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u901f\u5ea6\u56e0\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u7ba1\u632f\u8361\u5668\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u9891\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_636\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/tumblr_m77y10ls3b1qzwopb.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-636\" class=\"wp-image-636 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/tumblr_m77y10ls3b1qzwopb.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/tumblr_m77y10ls3b1qzwopb.jpg 500w, https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/tumblr_m77y10ls3b1qzwopb-247x300.jpg 247w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-636\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5149\u7535\u6c60\u7434\uff08\u00a91977\u00b7\u300a\u952e\u76d8\u300b\u6742\u5fd7<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>Keyboard<\/em><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u6c64\u59c6\u00b7\u745e\u4e9a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Tom Rhea<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u5149\u7535\u6c60\u7434\u66fe\u4e8e1933\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u5409\u6069\u00b7\u8d1d\u745e\u65af\u5956<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u672a\u627e\u5230\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5956\u9879\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\uff08Prix jean Bares\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u4e8c\u7b49\u5956\uff08\u5956\u91d12,500\u6cd5\u90ce\uff09\u9881\u53d1\u7ed9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u3001\u7535\u529b\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u987e\u95ee\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u56fe\u4f26\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u62e5\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u201c\u7ee7\u7535\u5f27\u201d\uff08the relay\u00a0arc\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u539f\u7406\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u95f8\u6d41\u7ba1\u201d\uff08Thyratrons\uff09\u3001\u201c\u706b\u82b1\u9699\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u201d\uff08Spark-gap convertors\uff09\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u706b\u82b1\u9699\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u5f97\u9ad8\u529f\u7387\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u6574\u5e73\uff08flattening\uff09\u3001\u6574\u76f4\uff08straightening\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u56fe\u4f26\u5148\u751f\u8fd8\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5149\u7535\u6c60\u7434\u201d\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u952e\u76d8\u4e50\u5668\uff0c\u7531\u666e\u83b1\u8036\u5c14\u516c\u53f8<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Pleyel et Cie\uff08Pleyel company\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u94a2\u7434\u5236\u9020\u5546\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6781\u5c0f\u7684\u7535\u98ce\u7434\u3002<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5149\u7535\u6c60\u7434\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f6c\u76d8\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u516b\u5ea6\u5185\u53d1\u58f0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u6570\u9891\u7387\u7684\u97f3\u7b26\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u97f3\u9ad8\u4e0d\u51c6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u539f\u6587\u672a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u97f3\u6e90\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e50\u5668\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u516b\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u97f3\u8272\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5149\u7535\u7434\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e8c\u5341\u81f3\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3001\u5149\u7535\u539f\u7406\u4e50\u5668\u65cf\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e50\u5668\u8fd8\u6709\u58f0\u5149\u7434\uff08Licht-ton Orgel\uff09 ,\u5149\u4e4b\u7434\uff08Photona\uff09 \u4ee5\u53ca\u5bcc\u97f3\u8272\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u98ce\u7434\uff08Radio Organ of a Trillion Tones\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6218\u540e\u7535\u8def\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5149\u7535\u539f\u7406\u7684\u5408\u6210\u5668\u57281940\u5e74\u540e\u9010\u6e10\u8870\u843d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4ece\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\u4e5f\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u5148\u950b\u4eba\u7269\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u539f\u7406\u5236\u9020\u4e50\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u8fbe\u8299\u59ae\u00b7\u6b27\u83b1\u59c6\uff08Daphne Oram\uff09\uff0c\u5979\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5229\u7528\u5149\u7535\u539f\u7406\u53bb\u5408\u6210\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\u7f16\u66f2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u56fe\u4f26\u66fe\u572830\u5e74\u4ee3\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u97f3\u5408\u6210\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u65cb\u8f6c\u9f13\u8f6e\u4e0a\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u80f6\u7247\u6765\u5408\u6210\u58f0\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_637\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Cellulophone_trhea_keyboardmag1977.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-637\" class=\"wp-image-637 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Cellulophone_trhea_keyboardmag1977.png\" alt=\"\u5149\u7535\u6c60\u7434\u7684\u8f6c\u76d8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u00a91977\u00b7\u300a\u952e\u76d8\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c\u6c64\u59c6\u00b7\u745e\u4e9a\uff09\" width=\"800\" height=\"594\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Cellulophone_trhea_keyboardmag1977.png 800w, https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Cellulophone_trhea_keyboardmag1977-300x223.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-637\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5149\u7535\u6c60\u7434\u7684\u8f6c\u76d8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u00a91977\u00b7\u300a\u952e\u76d8\u300b\u6742\u5fd7<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Keyboard<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\uff0c\u6c64\u59c6\u00b7\u745e\u4e9a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Tom Rhea<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6bb5\u843d\u6458\u81ea\u5df4\u9ece\u6742\u5fd7\u300a\u6bcf\u5468\u8bc4\u8bba\uff1a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u6e38\u8bb0\u300b\uff08La Revue hebdomadaire : romans, histoire, voyages\uff091928\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\u53f7\u3002\u8be5\u671f\u520a\u7269\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u7535\u5b50\u4e50\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5149\u7535\u7434\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>CHRONIQUE SCIENTIFIQUE<\/em><br \/>\n<em> LA MUSIQUE RADIOPHONIQUE<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Les concerts du professeur Theremin. Une exp\u00e9rience d\u2019acoustique fort instructive. Battements \u00e9lectriques. O\u00f9 interviennentles lampes \u00e0 trois \u00e9lectrodes de la T. S. F. Le principe de l\u2019\u00e9th\u00e9rophone. Un pr\u00e9curseur. Piano etorgues radio \u00e9lectriques. Le cellulophone. Conclusion. On a beaucoup parl\u00e9 ces derniers temps d\u2019une r\u00e9novation de l\u2019art musical par l\u2019emploi d\u2019instruments de musique utilisant la merveilleuse souplesse des ondes hertziennes. Les concerts donn\u00e9s cet hiver \u00e0 Paris par le professeur L\u00e9o Theremin, de L\u00e9ningrad, ont attir\u00e9 un nombreux public. Il n\u2019est pas douteux que l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019utiliser les ondes hertziennes \u00e0 la production des sons puisse constituer une innovation heureuse. Essayons donc de d\u00e9crire le merveilleux appareil du professeur Theremin et d\u2019en faire comprendre le fonctionnement.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>L\u2019explication para\u00eetra tr\u00e8s simple \u00e0 tous les sans-filistes. Quant \u00e0 mes autres lecteurs, s\u2019ils veulent bien me pr\u00eater quelque attention, je suis certain qu\u2019ils saisiront tout aussi ais\u00e9ment le principe de la musique radiophonique. Rappelons tout d\u2019abord une exp\u00e9rience d\u2019acoustique que chacun peut r\u00e9p\u00e9ter, pourvu qu\u2019il poss\u00e8de chez lui quelque instrument de musique.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Tout le monde sait que le son est produit par les vibrations de la mati\u00e8re et qu\u2019il nous para\u00eet d\u2019autant plus aigu que les vibrations sont plus rapides. Lorsqu\u2019on fixel\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 d\u2019une tige d\u2019acier, une lame de fleuret par exemple, dans un \u00e9tau, et qu\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019avoir \u00e9cart\u00e9e desa position on l\u2019abandonne \u00e0 elle-m\u00eame, elle entre en vibration et produit un son, d\u2019abord tr\u00e8s grave, maisqui monte de plus en plus au fur et \u00e0 mesure qu\u2019on raccourcit la lame, ce qui augmente le nombre des oscillations par seconde. Les sons les plus graves que l\u2019on puisse entendre correspondent environ \u00e0 30 vibrations par seconde, et les sons les plus aigus \u00e0 40 000. Entre ces limites s\u2019\u00e9tend toute la gamme des sons perceptibles.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Mettons en bran le deux diapasons identiques, donnant par exemple chacun le la normal, l\u2019un d\u2019eux ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9saccord\u00e9 par un peu de cire fix\u00e9e sur l\u2019une des branches. Le diapason normal effectuant 435 vibrations par seconde, celui qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9saccord\u00e9 en donnera par exemple 432. Dans ces conditions, lorsque les deux diapasons fonctionnent en m\u00eame temps, on per\u00e7oit dans le son d\u2019ensemble des renforcements et des affaiblissements sucessifs,des sortes de hou, hou, hou, r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement etqu\u2019on appelle des battements. L\u2019exp\u00e9rience a permis de constater que le nombre deces hou, hou, hou. par seconde est exactement \u00e9gal \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence entre les nombres de vibrations par seconde que donnent s\u00e9par\u00e9ment les deux diapasons, soit ici 435 diminu\u00e9 de 432. Il y a donc trois battements par seconde. Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Chaque fois qu\u2019on produit simultan\u00e9ment, au moyen d\u2019appareils quelconques, deux s\u00e9ries de mouvements vibratoires dont les nombres d\u2019oscillations par seconde sont diff\u00e9rents, l\u2019ensemble donne lieu \u00e0 des renforcements et \u00e0 des affaiblissements successifs,\u00e0 des battements. Or les ondes hertziennes r\u00e9sultent d\u2019une sorte de mouvement vibratoire d\u2019un milieu hypoth\u00e9tique qu\u2019on suppose r\u00e9pandu partout et auquel on a donn\u00e9 l\u2019antique nom d\u2019\u00e9ther. Dans les ondes, dites entretenues, qu\u2019utilise la radiophonie, les vibrations sont tr\u00e8s r\u00e9guli\u00e8res mais extr\u00eamement rapides. Elles se produisent \u00e0 raison de quelques centaines de mille par seconde. Envoy\u00e9es directement dans un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, ces ondes seraient sans actionsur lui, car \u00e0 supposer qu\u2019elles fussent capables de faire vibrer, suivant un rythme de quelques centaines de mille par seconde, la membrane du t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, nous serions incapables de percevoir des vibrations aussi rapides, pour les quelles notre oreille est atteinte d\u2019une surdit\u00e9 absolue. Mais \u00e9mettons simultan\u00e9ment, au moyen de deux appareils diff\u00e9rents, deux s\u00e9ries d\u2019ondes hertziennes, les unes, pour fixer les id\u00e9es, \u00e0 raison de ioo ooo vibrations par seconde, et les autres, \u00e0 raison de 99 000. Leur production simultan\u00e9e donnera naissance \u00e0 des battements \u00e9lectriques, \u00e0 des renforcements suivis d\u2019affaiblissements des ondes hertziennes, dont le nombre par seconde sera \u00e9gal \u00e0 100,000 diminu\u00e9 de 90,000. Et \u00e0 ces battements \u00e9lectriques qui se produisent ainsi \u00e0 raison de 1,000 par seconde, le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone peut \u00eatre rendu sensible. Sa membrane oscillant \u00e0 raison de r 000 vibrations par second e\u00e9mettra un son ais\u00e9ment perceptible. Si donc, l\u2019une des deux s\u00e9ries d\u2019ondes demeurant invariable et se produisant toujours \u00e0 la fr\u00e9quence 100 000, nous avons le moyen de faire varier la fr\u00e9quence de l\u2019autre s\u00e9rie d\u2019ondes et de la rendre \u00e9gale par exemple \u00e0 99,500, \u00e0 99,400, \u00e0 99,300. le nombre des battements, toujours \u00e9gal \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence des fr\u00e9quences associ\u00e9es, sera successivement 500, 600, 700. par seconde. Le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone actionn\u00e9 par les battements fournira un son deplus en plus aigu, correspondant successivement \u00e0 500, 600, 700. vibrations par seconde. Et c\u2019est l\u00e0 tout le secret de l\u2019\u00e9th\u00e9rophone. Des ondes hertziennes sont produites \u00e0 la fr\u00e9quence moyenne de 300 ooo vibrations par seconde par deux g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs appel\u00e9s h\u00e9t\u00e9rodynes. Si les deux s\u00e9ries d\u2019ondes sont l\u00e9g\u00e8rement d\u00e9saccord\u00e9es, elles donnent lieu \u00e0 des battements \u00e9lectriques qui, agissant dans un haut-parleur \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re habituellement utilis\u00e9e dans les r\u00e9ceptions radiophoniques, en actionnent la membrane et produisent un son. De la bo\u00eete o\u00f9 sont enferm\u00e9es les deux h\u00e9t\u00e9rodynes \u00e9mergent une tige m\u00e9tallique verticale jouant le r\u00f4led\u2019antenne, et une spirale en fil de cuivre plac\u00e9e horizontal ement sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9. Le fonctionnement de l\u2019appareil consiste \u00e0 faire varier les constantes \u00e9lectriques de l\u2019un edes deux s\u00e9ries d\u2019ondes en approchant la main droitede l\u2019antenne verticale et la main gauche de la spirale. Le premier mouvement fait varier la fr\u00e9quence des battements et, par cons\u00e9quent, d\u00e9termine la hauteur de lanote le second mouvement agit sur l\u2019amplitude des ondes et par suite sur l\u2019intensit\u00e9 du son. De ces deux mouvements, le premier, qui doit suivre les notes de la partition musicale, est \u00e9videmment le plus compliqu\u00e9 etest de ce chef d\u00e9volu \u00e0 la main droite le second est r\u00e9serv\u00e9\u00e0 la main gauche en raison de sa simplicit\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>L\u2019id\u00e9e qui est \u00e0 la base de l\u2019\u00e9th\u00e9rophone n\u2019est pas nouvelle. D\u00e8s 1917, les ing\u00e9nieurs fran\u00e7ais travaillant au laboratoire de la tour Eiffel avaient song\u00e9 \u00e0 tirer un parti musical des battements radio \u00e9lectriques dont nous venons de parler. M. Armand Givelet, vice-pr\u00e9sident du Radio-Club de France, avait eu l\u2019id\u00e9e de marquer \u00e0 lacraie sur le cadran du condensateur d\u2019h\u00e9t\u00e9rodyne le r\u00e9glage correspondant aux diff\u00e9rentes notes de la gamme. En tournant rapidement ce condensateur variable et en arr\u00eatant brusquement l\u2019aiguille sur les rep\u00e8res du cadran, il \u00e9tait parvenu assez facilement \u00e0 jouer des m\u00e9lodies populaires simples. C\u2019\u00e9tait, en somme, exactement le principe de l\u2019\u00e9th\u00e9rophone. Il a suffi de perfectionner quelques d\u00e9tails pour obtenir un appareil permettant deproduire des effets v\u00e9ritablement artistiques.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>D\u2019ailleurs, M. A. Grivelet a r\u00e9alis\u00e9, il y a quelques ann\u00e9es, le premier piano radio \u00e9lectrique. On a pu voircet instrument expos\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment au premier Salon des Sciences et des Arts, au Grand Palais des Champs \u00c9lys\u00e9es. Chaque note est produite par un circuit s\u00e9par\u00e9, engendrant les vibrations sans qu\u2019aient \u00e0 intervenir des battements. De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, M. Bertrand a construit sous le nom d\u2019orgue radio \u00e9lectrique un appareil d\u2019un principe tout \u00e0 fait analogue \u00e0 celui du professeur Theremin, qui utiliseles battements \u00e9lectriques de deux h\u00e9t\u00e9rogynes, et dans lequel le son est diffus\u00e9 par un haut-parleur de grand mod\u00e8le. La variation de la hauteur du son est produite par la commande d\u2019une manette qui se d\u00e9place devant un cadran comportant une gamme de trois octaves.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Le Cellulophone<\/strong> de M. Pierre Toulon n\u2019est pas moins curieux. Son principe est tout diff\u00e9rent. Il utilise la propri\u00e9t\u00e9des cellules photo \u00e9lectriques, sortes de piles qui donnent naissance \u00e0 un courant lorsqu\u2019elles re\u00e7oivent un faisceau de lumi\u00e8re. En envoyant sur une cellule, non un \u00e9clairage continu, mais un \u00e9clairage intermittent qu\u2019on peut r\u00e9aliser en interposant entre la source lumineuse etla cellule un disque tournant perfor\u00e9, la pile produit une succession de courants instantan\u00e9s dont le nombre par seconde d\u00e9pend du nombre des trous que porte le disqueet de sa vitesse de rotation. Envoy\u00e9s dans un haut parleur,ces courants le font vibrer avec la m\u00eame fr\u00e9quence. La hauteur de la note musicale d\u00e9pend ainsi du nombre de trous que porte le disque et de sa vitesse derotation, le timbre \u00e9tant d\u00e9termin\u00e9 par la forme de cestrous. On con\u00e7oit qu\u2019on puisse modifier \u00e0 volont\u00e9 la hauteur et le timbre, et obtenir des effets musicaux tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9s.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Il serait difficile de pr\u00e9dire l\u2019avenir qui est r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux appareils de musique radio \u00e9lectrique. Indiquons seulement qu\u2019ils ont permis d\u2019obtenir des effets artistiques tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressants, et il ne serait pas surprenant que,gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 eux, la musique, cette forme si \u00e9lev\u00e9e et si expressive de l\u2019art qui a tr\u00e8s peu \u00e9volu\u00e9 depuis des si\u00e8cles,entr\u00e2t dans une voie enti\u00e8rement nouvelle.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>A. BOUTARIC.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_638\" style=\"width: 475px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/cellulophon_le_genie_civil_18feb_1928.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-638\" class=\"wp-image-638 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/cellulophon_le_genie_civil_18feb_1928-502x1024.png\" alt=\"\u520a\u7269\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u300b\uff08Le genie civil\uff091928\u5e742\u670818\u53f7\u520a\u767b\u7684\u7684\u5149\u7535\u7434\u62a5\u9053\" width=\"465\" height=\"949\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/cellulophon_le_genie_civil_18feb_1928-502x1024.png 502w, https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/cellulophon_le_genie_civil_18feb_1928-147x300.png 147w, https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/cellulophon_le_genie_civil_18feb_1928.png 517w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-638\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u520a\u7269\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u300b\uff08Le genie civil\uff091928\u5e742\u670818\u53f7<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_65_1('footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u671f\u662f2\u67087\u53f7\uff0c\u5f85\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u67e5\u8bc1\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_65_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u520a\u767b\u7684\u7684\u5149\u7535\u7434\u62a5\u9053<\/p><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Donhauser, P.:\u00a0<i>Elektrische Klangmaschinen.<\/i>\u00a0<i>Die in Deutschland und \u00d6sterreich Pionierzeit,<\/i>\u00a0Boehlau Vienna 2007.<\/p>\n<p>Rhea, Tom. Keyboard Magazine 1977.<\/p>\n<p>Le Genie Civil February 7, 1928<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_65_1();\">\u6ce8\u91ca<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_65_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_65_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_65_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">\u6ce8\u91ca<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_65_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Keyboard<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_65_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_2');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_65_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_7');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Tom Rhea<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_65_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u672a\u627e\u5230\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5956\u9879\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_65_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Pleyel et Cie\uff08Pleyel company\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u94a2\u7434\u5236\u9020\u5546\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_65_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u539f\u6587\u672a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_65_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_6');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Keyboard<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_65_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_65_1_8');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_65_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u671f\u662f2\u67087\u53f7\uff0c\u5f85\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u67e5\u8bc1\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_65_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_65_1').show(); 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jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1927\u5e74\uff1a\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u56fe\u4f26\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6c60\u7434 \u5149\u7535\u6c60\u7434\uff08Cellule Photo-\u00e9le [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1920-1930","dwtl normal"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2496,"href":"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65\/revisions\/2496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifesea.org\/120years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}